Allergy definition
An allergy refers to a misguided reaction by our immune system in response to bodily contact with certain foreign substances. It is misguided because these foreign substances are usually harmless and remain so to non- allergic people. Allergy-producing substances are called "allergens." - pollens, dust mite, molds, danders, and foods - that allergens are substances that are foreign to the body and can cause an allergic reaction in certain people.
When an allergen comes in contact with the body, it causes the immune system to develop an allergic reaction in persons who are allergic to it. When you inappropriately react to allergens that are normally harmless to other people, you are having an allergic reaction and can be referred to as allergic or atopic.
Signs and symptoms
Allergy symptoms can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe (anaphylactic).
- Mild reactions include local symptoms (affecting a specific area of the body) such as a rash or hives; itchy, watery eyes; and some congestion.
- Moderate reactions include symptoms that spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms may include itchiness that spreads or difficulty breathing.
- A severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, is a rare, life-threatening emergency in which the body’s response to the allergen is sudden and affects the whole body (systemic). Anaphylaxis may begin with severe itching of the eyes or face and within minutes progresses to more serious symptoms, including swelling (which could result in difficulty swallowing and breathing); abdominal pain; cramps; vomiting; diarrhea; hives; and angioedema (hives in the throat). Mental confusion or dizziness also may be symptoms, since anaphylaxis causes a quick drop in blood pressure.
Food Allergy Symptoms - itchy mouth and throat, hives (raised, red, itchy bumps), rash, runny, itchy nose
abdominal cramps accompanied by nausea and vomiting or diarrhea (as the body attempts to flush out the food allergen)
Airborne Allergy Symptoms (allergic rhinitis) - sneezing, itchy nose and/or throat,nasal congestion, coughing
Insect Venom Allergy Symptoms - throat swelling, hives over the entire body, difficulty breathing, nausea,diarrhea
Treatment Approach
Allergies cannot be prevented, but they can be treated and controlled. Making changes in your environment can greatly limit your exposure to certain allergens and reduce your symptoms.
Medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, or a combination of both, Nasal sprays such as topical nasal steroids and cromolyn sodium ,Immunotherapy, or allergy shots
